ruleID	organism	gene	nodeID	refseq accession	GenBank accession	HMM accession	ARO accession	mutation	variation type	context	drug	drug class	phenotype	clinical category	breakpoint	breakpoint standard	PMID	evidence code	evidence grade	evidence limitations	rule curation note
ECO0001	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	-	penicillin beta-lactam	wildtype	S	not applicable	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,459"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0002	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	ampicillin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,460"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0003	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	amoxicillin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	6795623	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0004	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	piperacillin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	6795623	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0005	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	-	first-generation cephalosporin	wildtype	S	not applicable	ECOFF (May 2025)	"679,562,312,821,463"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0006	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	cefazolin	-	wildtype	I	MIC <=4 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,464"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0007	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	-	second-generation cephalosporin	wildtype	S	not applicable	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,465"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0008	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	cefoxitin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	"679,562,312,821,466"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0009	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	cefuroxime	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	6795623	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"For cefuroxime oral (S <=8 mg/L ; R >8 mg/L). Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0010	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	cefuroxime	-	wildtype	I	MIC <=8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	6795623	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"For cefuroxime IV (S <=0.001 mg/L ; R >8 mg/L). Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0011	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	cefotaxime	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,467"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0012	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	-	third-generation cephalosporin	wildtype	S	not applicable	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,468"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0013	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	ceftriaxone	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,469"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0014	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	ceftazidime	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,470"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0015	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	cefixime	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,471"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0016	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	-	carbapenem	wildtype	S	not applicable	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,472"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0017	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	imipenem	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=2 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,473"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0018	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC	blaEC	-	-	NF000185.2	ARO:3005406	-	Gene presence detected	core	aztreonam	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	"679,562,312,821,474"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"Core gene, not inducing resistance in normal conditions due to low expression level. Very common in E. coli (96.5%, n=199920/207180), including all Clermont clades and Shigella spp; based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0019	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-2	-	-	BAC99094.1	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	ampicillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	15215122	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 4 to >128 mg/L (PMID: 15215122)
ECO0020	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-2	-	-	BAC99094.1	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	amoxicillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	15215122	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 4 to >128 mg/L (PMID: 15215122)
ECO0021	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-2	-	-	BAC99094.1	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefotaxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >2 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	15215122	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 8 mg/L (PMID: 15215122)
ECO0022	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-2	-	-	BAC99094.1	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	ceftazidime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	15215122	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 16 mg/L (PMID: 15215122)
ECO0023	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-2	-	-	BAC99094.1	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefoxitin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	15215122	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 8 to >128 mg/L (PMID: 15215122)
ECO0024	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-2	-	-	BAC99094.1	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	aztreonam	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	15215122	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 16 mg/L (PMID: 15215122)
ECO0025	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-3	-	WP_181203065.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	amoxicillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	12393205	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 4 to 512 mg/L (PMID: 12393205)
ECO0026	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-3	-	WP_181203065.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	piperacillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	12393205	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to 32 mg/L (PMID: 12393205)
ECO0027	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-3	-	WP_181203065.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefuroxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	12393205	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 4 to 128 mg/L (PMID: 12393205)
ECO0028	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-3	-	WP_181203065.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefoxitin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	12393205	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to 64 mg/L (PMID: 12393205)
ECO0029	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-3	-	WP_181203065.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefotaxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >2 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	12393205	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 16 mg/L (PMID: 12393205)
ECO0030	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-3	-	WP_181203065.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	ceftazidime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	12393205	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.25 to 32 mg/L (PMID: 12393205)
ECO0031	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-3	-	WP_181203065.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	aztreonam	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	12393205	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 16 mg/L (PMID: 12393205)
ECO0032	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-4	-	WP_001352591.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	amoxicillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to >512 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0033	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-4	-	WP_001352591.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	piperacillin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to 8 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0034	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-4	-	WP_001352591.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefoxitin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 1 to 128 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0035	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-4	-	WP_001352591.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefuroxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 128 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0036	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-4	-	WP_001352591.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefotaxime	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 0.5 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0037	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-4	-	WP_001352591.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	ceftazidime	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 1 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0038	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-4	-	WP_001352591.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	aztreonam	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		No change in MIC (0.06 mg/L) (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0039	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-13	blaEC-13	WP_063860228.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	amoxicillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to >512 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0040	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-13	blaEC-13	WP_063860228.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	piperacillin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to 8 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0041	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-13	blaEC-13	WP_063860228.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefoxitin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 1 to 32 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0042	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-13	blaEC-13	WP_063860228.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefuroxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 128 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0043	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-13	blaEC-13	WP_063860228.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefotaxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >2 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 16 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0044	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-13	blaEC-13	WP_063860228.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	ceftazidime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 512 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0045	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-13	blaEC-13	WP_063860228.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	aztreonam	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 16 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0046	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-14	blaEC-14	WP_063860233.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	amoxicillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to >512 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0047	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-14	blaEC-14	WP_063860233.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	piperacillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to 128 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0048	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-14	blaEC-14	WP_063860233.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefoxitin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 1 to 256 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0049	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-14	blaEC-14	WP_063860233.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefuroxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 256 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0050	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-14	blaEC-14	WP_063860233.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefotaxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >2 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 16 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0051	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-14	blaEC-14	WP_063860233.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	ceftazidime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 512 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0052	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-14	blaEC-14	WP_063860233.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	aztreonam	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 16 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0053	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-15	blaEC-15	WP_063610930.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	amoxicillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to >512 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0054	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-15	blaEC-15	WP_063610930.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	piperacillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to 16 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0055	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-15	blaEC-15	WP_063610930.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefoxitin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 1 to 8 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0056	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-15	blaEC-15	WP_063610930.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefuroxime	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=8 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 8 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0057	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-15	blaEC-15	WP_063610930.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefotaxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >2 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 4 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0058	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-15	blaEC-15	WP_063610930.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	ceftazidime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 512 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0059	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-15	blaEC-15	WP_063610930.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	aztreonam	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 0.5 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0060	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-16	blaEC-16	WP_063860248.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	amoxicillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to >512 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0061	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-16	blaEC-16	WP_063860248.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	piperacillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to 32 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0062	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-16	blaEC-16	WP_063860248.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefoxitin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 1 to 64 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0063	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-16	blaEC-16	WP_063860248.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefuroxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 128 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0064	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-16	blaEC-16	WP_063860248.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefotaxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >2 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 4 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0065	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-16	blaEC-16	WP_063860248.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	ceftazidime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 512 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0066	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-16	blaEC-16	WP_063860248.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	aztreonam	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	16801449	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 1 mg/L (PMID: 16801449)
ECO0067	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-18	blaEC-18	WP_063860256.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	amoxicillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	"1,538,847,816,801,440"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"MIC increase from 2 to >512 mg/L (PMID: 15388478,16801449)"
ECO0068	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-18	blaEC-18	WP_063860256.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	piperacillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	"1,538,847,816,801,440"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"MIC increase from 1-2 to 8-16 mg/L (PMID: 15388478,16801449)"
ECO0069	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-18	blaEC-18	WP_063860256.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefoxitin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	"1,538,847,816,801,440"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"MIC increase from 1-2 to 32-128 mg/L (PMID: 15388478,16801449)"
ECO0070	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-18	blaEC-18	WP_063860256.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefuroxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	"1,538,847,816,801,440"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"MIC increase from 0.06-0.5 to 32-128 mg/L (PMID: 15388478,16801449)"
ECO0071	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-18	blaEC-18	WP_063860256.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefotaxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >2 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	"1,538,847,816,801,440"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"MIC increase from 0.06 to 2-8 mg/L (PMID: 15388478,16801449)"
ECO0072	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-18	blaEC-18	WP_063860256.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	ceftazidime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >4 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	"1,538,847,816,801,440"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"MIC increase from 0.06 to 128 mg/L (PMID: 15388478,16801449)"
ECO0073	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-18	blaEC-18	WP_063860256.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	aztreonam	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	"1,538,847,816,801,440"	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		"No change in MIC (0.06 mg/L) (PMID: 15388478,16801449)"
ECO0074	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-19	blaEC-19	WP_063860263.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	amoxicillin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	15388478	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to >512 mg/L (PMID: 15388478)
ECO0075	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-19	blaEC-19	WP_063860263.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	piperacillin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=8 mg/L	EUCAST v14.0 (2024)	15388478	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 1 to 8 mg/L (PMID: 15388478)
ECO0076	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-19	blaEC-19	WP_063860263.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefoxitin	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	15388478	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 2 to 128 mg/L (PMID: 15388478)
ECO0077	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-19	blaEC-19	WP_063860263.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefuroxime	-	nonwildtype	R	MIC >8 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	15388478	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.5 to 32 mg/L (PMID: 15388478)
ECO0078	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-19	blaEC-19	WP_063860263.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	cefotaxime	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	15388478	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from <0.06 to 0.5 mg/L (PMID: 15388478)
ECO0079	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-19	blaEC-19	WP_063860263.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	ceftazidime	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	15388478	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		MIC increase from 0.06 to 1 mg/L (PMID: 15388478)
ECO0080	s__Escherichia coli	blaEC-19	blaEC-19	WP_063860263.1	-	-	-	-	Gene presence detected	acquired	aztreonam	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=1 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	15388478	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	strong		No change in MIC (0.06 mg/L) (PMID: 15388478)
ECO0081	s__Escherichia coli	pmrB	-	WP_001300761.1	-	-	ARO:3003583	p.Tyr358Asn	Protein variant detected	core	colistin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=2 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	39162501	"ECO:0001113 point mutation phenotypic evidence, ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence"	moderate	statistical geno/pheno evidence but no experimental evidence	"Natural polymorphism, not associated with resistance. Very common (>90%) in Clermont clade B1 (n=53783/55130) and C (n=5496/5552), Shigella dysenteriae (n=916/934), Shigella flexneri (n=9953/9964); based on Enterobase as at October 2024."
ECO0082	s__Escherichia coli	glpT	-	WP_000948731.1	-	-	ARO:3003889	p.Glu448Lys	Protein variant detected	core	fosfomycin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=8 mg/L	EUCAST v15.0 (2025)	32847131	"ECO:0001113 point mutation phenotypic evidence, ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence"	moderate	statistical geno/pheno evidence but no experimental evidence	"Natural polymorphism, not associated with resistance. Very common (>90%) in Clermont clades B1 (54952/5513), B2 (34361/36252), C (5448/5552), D (15151/15207), E (21826/21893), F (4159/4171), G (3297/3307) and Shigella sonnei (13751/13849), Shigella flexneri (9959/9964), Shigella boydii (815/818), Shigella dysenteriae (934/934); common (57%) in Clermont clade A (28543/49862); based on Enterobase as at October 2024. This mutation was removed from NCBI refgene and CARD in 2025."
ECO0083	s__Escherichia coli	mdfA	-	WP_001180089.1	-	-	ARO:3001328	-	Gene presence detected	core	azithromycin	-	wildtype	S	MIC <=16 mg/L	ECOFF (May 2025)	9079913	ECO:0001103 natural variation mutant evidence	moderate	statistical geno/pheno evidence but no experimental evidence	"Gene tagged as confering resistance to macrolides in some databases, but there is no demonstrated effect on azithromycin (PMID: 9079913)."